Bandhavgarh National Park, located in the Umaria district of Madhya Pradesh, is one of India’s most prominent tiger reserves. Known for having the highest density of Royal Bengal Tigers in India, it was declared a national park in 1968 and a tiger reserve in 1993 under Project Tiger. The park also holds cultural significance due to the presence of Bandhavgarh Fort, which is believed to be over 2,000 years old. Bandhavgarh is a top biodiversity hotspot and an important case study in wildlife conservation, making it especially relevant for UPSC aspirants studying India’s protected areas.
Bandhavgarh National Park
Bandhavgarh National Park spans 1,536 sq. km, including its core and buffer areas, and is divided into three main zones: Tala, Magadhi, and Khitauli. The Tala zone is the most popular and also where the majority of tiger sightings occur. Besides tigers, the park supports a wide array of flora and fauna, including leopards, deer species, and over 250 bird species. Managed by the Madhya Pradesh Forest Department, Bandhavgarh is a prime destination for eco-tourism, conservation, and research. It also plays a role in preserving India’s cultural history through ancient temples and caves.
Also Check: Kanha National Park
Geographical Features of Bandhavgarh National Park
Located in the Vindhya mountain range, Geographical Features of Bandhavgarh National Park features rugged hills, forested valleys, and extensive grasslands. Its terrain provides ideal habitats for predators and prey alike.
- Location: Umaria district, Madhya Pradesh
- Total Area: 1,536 sq. km (core: 716 sq. km; buffer: 820 sq. km)
- Altitude: 440–810 meters above sea level
- Climate: Tropical with hot summers and cool winters
- Terrain: Steep cliffs, sal forests, grasslands, and valleys
- Water bodies: Seasonal streams and natural springs; major water source is the Charanganga River.
Bandhavgarh National Park Flora
Bandhavgarh National Park Flora is a mix of tropical moist deciduous and dry deciduous forests, with abundant grasslands that serve as grazing grounds for herbivores.
| Bandhavgarh National Park Flora | |
| Category | Details |
| Dominant Tree Species | Sal (Shorea robusta) – Covers large areas of the park |
| Other Key Trees | Saja, Tendu, Amla, Dhaora, Arjun, Mahua |
| Undergrowth Vegetation | Grasses, herbs, shrubs, and bamboo form a dense forest floor |
| Special Flora | Medicinal plants and flowering trees are found in specific ecological zones |
| Ecological Significance | Supports a balanced ecosystem with abundant prey, aiding the survival of apex predators like tigers and leopards |
Bandhavgarh National Park Fauna
Bandhavgarh National Park Fauna is globally recognized for its high tiger density, making it one of the best places in the world to see tigers in the wild. Along with tigers, the park supports a diverse range of mammals, reptiles, birds, and butterflies.
| Bandhavgarh National Park Fauna | |
| Category | Species / Details |
| Major Mammals |
|
| Avifauna (250+ species) | Indian Roller, Changeable Hawk-Eagle, Paradise Flycatcher, Kingfisher, Vultures |
| Reptiles & Others | Python, Russell’s Viper, Indian Cobra, Monitor Lizard, Various turtles |
| Ecological Note | The diverse faunal presence reflects a balanced ecosystem with both prey and predator species thriving. |
Bandhavgarh National Park FAQs
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