The CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2025-26 was released on March 29, 2025 on the official website cbseacademic.nic.in. Students can now check the updated syllabus and use it to plan their studies better for the upcoming board exams. Getting the syllabus early helps students understand new topics and prepare more effectively for their final assessments. Go through the article for detailed subject-wise Class 12 syllabus.
CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2025-26
The CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2025-26 for all streams Science, Commerce, and Arts is provided for helping students focus on key concepts and prepare effectively for board exams. With updated topics and assessment patterns, the syllabus is designed to promote analytical thinking and practical learning. It’s important for students to stay updated and align their study plans accordingly.
| CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2025-26 | |||
| Stream | Core Subjects | Elective Options | Assessment Pattern |
| Science | Physics, Chemistry, Biology/Maths | Computer Science, Physical Education, etc. | Theory + Practical/Project Work |
| Commerce | Accountancy, Business Studies, Economics | Maths, Informatics Practices, PE, etc. | Theory + Internal Assessment |
| Arts | History, Political Science, Sociology | Geography, Psychology, Fine Arts, etc. | Theory + Project/Map Work |
| Language | English Core (Compulsory) | Hindi, Sanskrit, French, etc. | Theory + Listening/Speaking Skills |
CBSE Result 2025
The CBSE Result 2025 for Class 10 and 12 will be declared today on 13th May, 2025 on the official CBSE website at cbseresults.nic.in and can also be checked through the DigiLocker app or website. Students can check their results on the official CBSE website by entering their roll number and other required details. It is important to keep your roll number, school number and admit card to check the result easily.
CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2025-26 Overview
The CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2025-26 Overview table provided below which includes duration, mode of exam, subjects, total marks, sections, grading system etc. CBSE Board Students who have passed class 11th and are going to appear for Class 12 exam can have a look at it.
| CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2025-26 | |
| Mode of Exam | Pen and Paper-based |
| Duration | 3 hours |
| Total Marks | 100 marks (for each subject) |
| Types of Questions | Objective Type (Multiple Choice Questions)
Short Answer Type (SA) Long Answer Type (LA) |
| Marking Scheme | Objective Questions: 1 mark each
Short Answer Questions: 2-5 marks each Long Answer Questions: 6-8 marks each |
| Sections | Section A: Objective questions, 1 mark each (MCQs)
Section B: Short Answer questions, 2-5 marks Section C: Long Answer questions, 6-8 marks |
| Practical Exam | 30 marks (for subjects with practicals)
Internal Assessment: 20 marks Practical Exam: 10 marks |
| Internal Assessment/Project Work | 20-30 marks (varies by subject) Includes practicals, project work, assignments, and periodic tests |
| Grading System | A1 (91-100), A2 (81-90), B1 (71-80), B2 (61-70), C1 (51-60), C2 (41-50), D (33-40), E (Below 33) |
| Pass Criteria | Minimum 33% marks in theory and practical separately to pass |
CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2025-26 Mathematics
The CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2025-26 Mathematics focuses on advanced concepts in calculus, algebra, geometry, and statistics. It aims to build a strong foundation for further studies in science, engineering and other quantitative fields.
| CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2025-26 Mathematics | ||
| Unit | Topic Name | Key Subtopics |
| 1 | Relations and Functions | Types of relations, types of functions, composition of functions, inverse |
| 2 | Inverse Trigonometric Functions | Domain, range, principal value branches, graphs |
| 3 | Matrices | Types, operations, properties, transpose, symmetric matrices |
| 4 | Determinants | Properties, minors, cofactors, adjoint, applications in solving equations |
| 5 | Continuity and Differentiability | Limits, continuity, chain rule, implicit differentiation |
| 6 | Applications of Derivatives | Increasing/decreasing functions, maxima/minima, tangents, normals |
| 7 | Integrals | Indefinite and definite integrals, integration by parts, substitution, limits |
| 8 | Applications of Integrals | Area under curves, between curves |
| 9 | Differential Equations | Order, degree, solutions, formation, variable separable method |
| 10 | Vectors | Magnitude, direction, scalar/vector product, components |
| 11 | Three-Dimensional Geometry | Direction cosines, line equations, angles, distance, planes |
| 12 | Linear Programming | Formulation, graphical method of solution |
| 13 | Probability | Conditional probability, independent events, Bayes’ Theorem |
Also Read: Haryana Board Result 2025
CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2025-26 Physics
The CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2025-26 Physics includes concepts in mechanics, electromagnetism, optics, and modern physics. It is designed to strengthen students’ understanding of fundamental principles and their applications in real-world scenarios.
| CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2025-26 Physics | ||
| Unit | Topic Name | Key Subtopics |
| 1 | Electrostatics | Electric charges, field, potential, Gauss’s law, capacitors |
| 2 | Current Electricity | Ohm’s law, resistance, EMF, combination of cells, Kirchhoff’s laws |
| 3 | Magnetic Effects of Current | Magnetic field, Ampere’s law, force on current, torque, cyclotron |
| 4 | Magnetism | Bar magnets, Earth’s magnetism, magnetic materials |
| 5 | Electromagnetic Induction | Faraday’s law, Lenz’s law, self and mutual induction |
| 6 | Alternating Current | AC circuits, impedance, resonance, transformers |
| 7 | Electromagnetic Waves | Displacement current, EM spectrum |
| 8 | Ray Optics and Optical Instruments | Reflection, refraction, lenses, microscopes, telescopes |
| 9 | Wave Optics | Huygens principle, interference, diffraction, polarization |
| 10 | Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation | Photoelectric effect, de Broglie wavelength |
| 11 | Atoms and Nuclei | Bohr’s model, radioactivity, nuclear energy |
| 12 | Semiconductor Electronics | Diodes, transistors, logic gates, digital electronics |
CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2025-26 Chemistry
The CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2025-26 Chemistry includes topics of physical, organic, and inorganic chemistry. It helps students develop a deeper understanding of chemical reactions, properties and processes. The detailed chemistry syllabus is given below.
| CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2025-26 Chemistry | ||
| Unit | Topic Name | Key Subtopics |
| 1 | Solid State | Types of solids, crystal lattices, unit cells, packing efficiency |
| 2 | Solutions | Types, concentration, Raoult’s law, colligative properties |
| 3 | Electrochemistry | Conductance, electrolysis, Nernst equation, fuel cells |
| 4 | Chemical Kinetics | Rate of reaction, order, molecularity, Arrhenius equation |
| 5 | Surface Chemistry | Adsorption, catalysis, colloids, emulsions |
| 6 | General Principles of Isolation | Metallurgy, concentration, extraction, refining of ores |
| 7 | The p-Block Element | Group 15–18 elements: properties, oxides, halides, compounds |
| 8 | The d- and f-Block Elements | Transition elements, lanthanide, actinoids |
| 9 | Coordination Compounds | Nomenclature, bonding, isomerism, VBT, crystal field theory |
| 10 | Haloalkanes and Haloarenes | Preparation, reactions, mechanisms, uses |
| 11 | Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers | Properties, reactions, mechanisms |
| 12 | Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids | Nucleophilic addition, oxidation, reduction |
| 13 | Organic Compounds with Nitrogen | Amines, cyanides, isocyanides, diazonium salts |
| 14 | Biomolecules | Carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, nucleic acids |
| 15 | Polymers | Types of polymers, addition and condensation polymers |
| 16 | Chemistry in Everyday Life | Drugs, cleansing agents, chemicals in food |
CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2025-26 Biology
The CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2025-26 Biology aims to enhance students’ understanding of life processes and their significance in the natural world. The table below provides a detailed biology syllabus for Class 12.
| CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2025-26 Biology | ||
| Unit | Topic Name | Key Subtopics |
| 1 | Reproduction | Reproduction in organisms, Asexual reproduction, Sexual reproduction in plants, Sexual reproduction in animals, Reproductive health |
| 2 | Genetics and Evolution | Heredity and variations, Mendelian inheritance, Sex determination, Molecular basis of inheritance, Evolution |
| 3 | Biology and Human Welfare | Human health and disease, Strategies for enhancement in food production, Microbes in human welfare |
| 4 | Biotechnology and its Applications | Principles and processes of biotechnology, Biotechnology and its applications, Genetic engineering, Gene therapy, Cloning |
| 5 | Ecology and Environment | Organisms and their environment, Ecosystem, Biodiversity and conservation, Environmental issues, Environmental management |
CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2025-26 Commerce
The CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2025-26 Commerce has been provided below for students who opt for Commerce stream to make a strong foundation in business and financial concepts.
| CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2025-26 Commerce | ||
| Unit | Topic Name | Key Subtopics |
| 1 | Accounting for Partnership Firms | Partnership, Nature of partnership, Partnership deed, Accounting of partnership firms, Revaluation of assets, Admission of a partner, Retirement of a partner, Dissolution of partnership |
| 2 | Accounting for Companies | Share capital, Issue of shares, Forfeiture and reissue of shares, Issue of debentures, Redemption of preference shares, Final accounts of companies |
| 3 | Financial Statements of Not-for-Profit Organisations | Concept and features of Not-for-Profit organizations, Receipt and payment account, Income and expenditure account, Balance sheet |
| 4 | Management of Financial Services | Financial services, Role of financial services in the economy, Types of financial institutions, Functions of financial services, Mutual funds, Venture capital |
| 5 | Business Studies | Nature and significance of management, Principles of management, Functions of management, Business environment, Planning, Organising, Directing, Controlling |
| 6 | Economics | Microeconomics: Demand, supply, elasticity, Production and costs, Market structures, Macroeconomics: National income, Money and banking, Government budget and its components |
| 7 | Marketing and Sales Management | Marketing concepts, Product, Price, Place, Promotion (4Ps), Marketing mix, Marketing strategies, Selling, Advertising, Sales management |
| 8 | Entrepreneurship | Concept of entrepreneurship, Functions and characteristics of entrepreneurs, Business plan, Role of entrepreneurship in economic development, Government policies for entrepreneurs |
CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2025-26 Arts
The CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2025-26 Arts includes subjects like History, Geography, Political Science, and Sociology. The table provides detailed insight on the Arts syllabus for Class 12.
| CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2025-26 Arts | ||
| Unit | Topic Name | Key Subtopics |
| 1 | History | Early societies in the Indian subcontinent, Mauryan Empire, Gupta period, Mughal Empire, Colonial India, Nationalism and Independence movements, Post-independence India |
| 2 | Geography | Physical geography, Human geography, Economic geography, Mapwork, Natural resources, Environmental geography |
| 3 | Political Science | Political theory, Indian government, International relations, Indian democracy, Rights and duties, Political parties and pressure groups |
| 4 | Sociology | Sociology and society, Social institutions, Social change in India, Social problems, Social movements, Urban and rural communities |
| 5 | Psychology | Nature and scope of psychology, Methods of psychology, Human development, Sensation, perception, Motivation, Emotion, Learning, Intelligence, Personality, Psychological disorders |
| 6 | English | Reading comprehension, Writing skills, Literature, Prose and poetry, Plays, Drama, Novel, Themes and characters in literature |
| 7 | Economics | Microeconomics: Demand and supply, Consumer behaviour, Production, Market structures, Macroeconomics: National income, Money, and banking, Economic development |
| 8 | Fine Arts | Indian art forms, Painting, Sculpture, Architecture, Music, Dance, Theatre, Aesthetic and critical analysis of art |
| 9 | Political Science (Contd.) | Political institutions, Democracy in India, Challenges to democracy, Globalization, Global politics, Human rights |
| 10 | Public Administration | Introduction to public administration, Theories of public administration, Indian administration, Civil services, Governance |
CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2025–26 FAQs
Q1. Has CBSE released the Class 12 Syllabus for 2025–26?+
Q2. Has the CBSE Syllabus for Class 12 changed in 2025–26?+
Q3. Will there be internal assessments?+
Q4. Will there be competency-based questions in the exam?+
Q5. How can I best prepare for Class 12 CBSE Board Exams?+
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