Chandrashekhar Azad: Biography, Revolutionary Activity, Death

Chandrashekhar Azad is one of India’s most celebrated freedom fighters, remembered for his extraordinary bravery, patriotism, and unyielding commitment to India’s independence. Born on July 23, 1906, in Bhabra, Madhya Pradesh, he dedicated his short but impactful life to fighting British colonial rule. Azad’s fearless actions, strategic leadership, and ultimate sacrifice have made him a symbol of courage and inspiration for generations of Indians.

Who was Chandrashekhar Azad?

Chandrashekhar Azad was a fearless Indian revolutionary and freedom fighter who played a key role in India’s struggle against British colonial rule. Born in 1906 in Madhya Pradesh, he joined the revolutionary movement at a young age and became a prominent leader of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA). Known for his courage, strategic planning, and ultimate sacrifice, Azad remains an enduring symbol of patriotism and resistance.

Early Life and Education

Chandrashekhar Azad was born Chandrashekhar Tiwari in Bhabra, Madhya Pradesh. From childhood, he displayed intelligence, discipline, and a deep sense of justice.

• Born into a middle-class family in 1906.
• Received a basic education in his hometown and showed academic brilliance.
• Developed a strong sense of nationalism after witnessing the Jallianwala Bagh massacre in 1919, which deeply influenced his future path.
• Participated in early protests against British policies, showing courage even as a teenager.

Adoption of the Name ‘Azad’

During a protest at the age of 15, Chandrashekhar was arrested by British authorities. When a magistrate demanded his name, he boldly said “Azad”, meaning ‘free’. This courageous act marked his identity as Chandrashekhar Azad and symbolized his lifelong commitment to freedom.

• Displayed defiance against colonial authority from an early age.
• Chose the name ‘Azad’ to reflect his unwavering spirit and desire for liberation.
• Became a symbol of resistance and patriotism for youth across India.

Entry into the Revolutionary Movement

Azad joined the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA), which later became the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA). He was mentored by leaders like Ram Prasad Bismil and quickly became a central figure in revolutionary activities.

• Actively recruited young revolutionaries into the movement.
• Trained in strategies, weapons handling, and secret operations.
• Advocated for direct action against British authorities to inspire national awakening.
• Reorganized HSRA after the execution of senior leaders to ensure continuity of the revolutionary struggle.

Major Revolutionary Activities

Chandrashekhar Azad participated in several high-profile revolutionary activities that challenged British authority.

• Kakori Train Robbery (1925): Azad and fellow revolutionaries robbed a British train to fund their movement.
• Assassination of J.P. Saunders (1928): Planned and executed in retaliation for the death of Lala Lajpat Rai.
• Reorganization of HSRA: After the execution of senior leaders, Azad restructured the group to strengthen the revolutionary network.
• Azad frequently engaged in armed encounters with British forces, using guerrilla tactics to outmaneuver the police. He operated in regions like Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, and Madhya Pradesh, often eluding capture despite several close calls.

Ideology and Principles

Azad believed in complete freedom for India and was ready to make any personal sacrifice for this cause. He emphasized discipline, courage, and loyalty among revolutionaries.

• Advocated armed resistance as a tool to challenge colonial oppression.
• Promoted unity among revolutionaries, ensuring organized and disciplined operations.
• Believed that freedom was priceless and worth risking life and liberty.

Also Read: Bhagat Singh

The Final Encounter at Alfred Park

On February 27, 1931, Azad was surrounded by British forces at Alfred Park, Prayagraj. Refusing to surrender, he fought bravely until he ran out of ammunition. He shot himself with his last bullet, declaring: “I will remain free until my last breath.”

• Died at the age of 24, becoming a symbol of ultimate sacrifice.
• His death inspired generations of revolutionaries and freedom fighters.
• Alfred Park was later renamed Chandra Shekhar Azad Park in his honor.

Legacy and Memorials

Chandrashekhar Azad’s contributions have been memorialized through monuments, educational institutions, and cultural references:

• Chandra Shekhar Azad Park, Prayagraj: Commemorates his final battle.
• Universities and colleges named after him inspire youth.
• His life is celebrated in books, films, and biographies, keeping his revolutionary spirit alive.
• Azad remains a symbol of courage, patriotism, and selfless dedication to the nation.

Chandrashekhar Azad Timeline

The timeline of Chandrashekhar Azad’s life highlights his journey from a young nationalist inspired by the Jallianwala Bagh tragedy to a fearless revolutionary who led daring acts like the Kakori Train Robbery and the Saunders assassination.

Quotes by Chandrashekhar Azad

Chandrashekhar Azad’s words reflect his fearless spirit and dedication to freedom. Some of his most memorable quotes include:

• “I will remain free until my last breath.” – His declaration at Alfred Park, moments before his death.
• “Dushman ki goliyon ka hum samna karenge, Azad hi rahega.” – Emphasizing his resolve to face British bullets rather than surrender.
• “Revolution is not a crime; it is a duty of the youth of India.” – Reflecting his belief in the necessity of armed resistance for independence.
• “Freedom is our birthright, and no power on earth can take it away from us.” – Highlighting his unwavering commitment to India’s sovereignty.