Maratha Empire [1674-1818], Timeline, Rulers, Wars and Decline

The Maratha Empire was a strong Indian power that rose in the 17th century. It challenged the Mughal rule and later resisted British dominance. Known for guerrilla warfare, forts, and naval strength, the Marathas played a vital role in shaping medieval and modern India. For competitive exams, the Maratha Empire is an important topic.

Maratha Empire

The Maratha Empire was founded by Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj in 1674 CE after his coronation at Raigad. It later expanded across central and northern India, becoming one of the strongest confederacies in Indian history. The empire declined after the Third Battle of Panipat (1761) and finally ended in 1818 CE with the defeat of Peshwa Baji Rao II.

Maratha Empire: Overview

The Maratha Empire lasted from 1674 to 1818 CE. Its first capital was Raigad under Shivaji, and later Pune became the capital under the Peshwas. The empire is remembered for its strong administration, revenue system, and resistance against the Mughals. Below is a quick table of the basic details and timeline useful for exams.

Rulers of Maratha Empire

The Maratha Empire was shaped by its rulers and Peshwas, each adding to its power. Shivaji established its foundation, while Baji Rao I expanded northwards. Shahu strengthened the confederacy, but the empire weakened after the Third Battle of Panipat. The rule ended under Baji Rao II, who was defeated by the British in 1818 CE.

Administration, Economy, and Military of Maratha Period

The Maratha Empire had a strong administration led by the Ashta Pradhan council under Shivaji. The revenue system included Chauth and Sardeshmukhi, collected from tributary states. Military strength came from cavalry, forts, and naval forces. Trade, agriculture, and taxation supported the economy. The Marathas became famous for their guerrilla tactics against larger armies.

Society, Culture, and Religion of Maratha Period

The Marathas promoted Hindu traditions but also included Muslims in administration. Society followed caste rules with Maratha clans playing a warrior role. Culture thrived through Marathi literature, festivals, forts, and temples. Education was based on Sanskrit and Marathi texts. The Marathas contributed significantly to architecture, arts, and created a strong sense of identity.

Decline of Maratha Empire

The Maratha Empire began to decline after the Third Battle of Panipat (1761) against Ahmad Shah Abdali. Though they regained some influence, continuous wars with the British weakened them further. After the Anglo-Maratha Wars, the final blow came in 1818 CE, when Peshwa Baji Rao II was defeated, and the Maratha Empire officially ended.

Maratha Empire Facts

Here are some quick facts about the Maratha Empire for exam preparation. They include founder, capitals, main revenue system, important battles, and naval forts. These are highly important for RRB, SSC, UPSC, and other competitive exams. Learning these facts will help candidates score better in history-related questions in different examinations.

Maratha Empire Expected Questions for RRB Group D 2025

Competitive exams often ask direct questions from the Maratha Empire. These include details of rulers, administrative reforms, capitals, taxes, important battles, and decline. Students must revise council names like Ashta Pradhan, taxes like Chauth and Sardeshmukhi, and wars like the Third Battle of Panipat. Below is a table with expected questions for practice.