Brahmaputra River System, Origin, Tributaries & Major River Projects

The Brahmaputra River is one of the longest and most significant rivers in Asia, flowing through Tibet, India, and Bangladesh. It is known for its vast basin, powerful flow, and vital role in sustaining life across the regions. Brahmaputra River and its tributaries also supply water to several dams such as Ranganadi Dam, Siang & Dibang projects, and  Zangmu Dam in China, especially for hydroelectric power and flood control. 

Brahmaputra River System 

It flows from east to west in Tibet and then turns south into India, merging with the Ganges and emptying into the Bay of Bengal. The river supports millions of people, providing water for agriculture, transportation, and hydroelectric power, while also shaping the diverse ecosystems and cultures along its path.

Origin of the Brahmaputra River System 

Brahmaputra River arises from the Angsi Glacier in the Himalayas. It’s located in southwestern Tibet, where it is known as the Yarlung Tsangpo. Brahmaputra flows eastward across Tibet before taking a turn to the south, cutting through the Himalayas via the deep Tsangpo Gorge and entering India through Arunachal Pradesh.

Also Read: Dams in India

Brahmaputra River System Tributaries 

The Brahmaputra receives numerous tributaries during its journey. In Tibet, it is fed by smaller Himalayan streams. As it enters India, major tributaries include the Dibang, Lohit, and Subansiri rivers. In Assam, it is joined by rivers like the Manas, Beki, and Dhansiri. After entering Bangladesh, the Brahmaputra which its known as the Jamuna, merges with the Ganges and later with the Meghna River, eventually flowing into the Bay of Bengal.

Brahmaputra River System Projects 

• Subansiri Lower Hydroelectric Project (India):

 It is the largest hydroelectric project under construction in India, located on the Subansiri River, which is a major tributary of the Brahmaputra in Arunachal Pradesh and Assam. It’s a significant project fed by the Brahmaputra basin.

1. National Waterways Project :

National Waterway Project has been declared to boost inland water transport from Sadiya to Dhubri in Assam. It promotes economic activity by easing cargo and passenger movement along the river.

• Brahmaputra Board (India):

Established in 1980, the Brahmaputra Board was formed to plan flood control and river management. It coordinates multipurpose projects and basin development in northeastern states prone to flooding.